Biology

Biology

__Plan:__
How many different sites of West Lake we are going to use as sample areas. These sites must have varying current, depth of water, substrates. But remember that sample areas must be chosen at random ("random sampling"), but try to have variety of sample areas with variations of these three factors. We can have map of West Lake and think about sample areas we are going to collect samples from.

__Modified:__
We could only use Simpson's Diversity Index becuase EPT Richness and PTI Index works only for running water like river. We cannot catch fish for doing SDI becuase we need to use capture, mark & recapture but it is not realistic. So catch only macro-invertebrates.

Theme of conservation:

Using the Simpson's diversity index to distinguish the general "health" of West Lake, Hanoi. EPT richness calculation can also be used to distinguish the health of this body of water. PTI: another measure in which we can find a general estimation to the health of the lake. Together with these mediums of diversity measurements, we can get a clearer look at the state of west lake, and what role conservation should play in restoring/improving its health.

Topics/unit that relate: Topic 5 Ecology & evolution + OptG Ecology & conservation Ecosystem of the West Lake (West Lake Ecosystem) (ecosystem = a community and its abiotic environment) Conservation of diversity of the West Lake community (like Simpson's Diversity Index) Sample a population in the West Lake using different sampling methods Fishery (fishing) in West Lake, fish Distribution of different species in the West Lake e.g. xxx are mostly found in deep water while xxx are mostly found in shallow area of the West Lake Human impacts on the West Lake Ecosystem (are there any evidence

Assess the level of pollution/health state of West Lake (refer to the "Comparing Two Rivers Lab") In "comparing two rivers" lab, we only considered macro-invertebrates in the river, but we should somehow consider about fish as well in this case for West Lake. Make qualitative observations first like clarity of water, if rubbish are thrown inside Use biotic indicators that gives indication for the quality of water - 1 Simpson's Diversity Index 2 EPT Richness 3 PTI (Pollution Tolerance Index)

We will assess the extent of the health of this body of water by using the simpsons diversity index. We will sample the living organisms using this index to determine if the lake is healthy or not. We will also use a pH probe to test any relation between the pH and the levels of living organisms present in the lake. By sampling multiple areas, we could possibly identify a link between these two tests.
 * What we will do at West Lake: **

Results:


 * Species  ||   ||  Number of individuals (n)  ||   ||  n-1   ||   ||  n(n-1)   ||   ||
 * Gilled Snail (black-greenish)  ||   ||  10   ||   ||  9   ||   ||  90   ||   ||
 * Gilled Snail (dark brown)  ||   ||  8   ||   ||  7   ||   ||  56   ||   ||
 * Pouch Snail  ||   ||  34   ||   ||   33   ||   ||  1122   ||   ||
 * Dragonfly Larva  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">62   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 61   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">3782   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Water Snipe Fly Larva  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">12   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 11   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 132   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Caddisfly Larva  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Riffle Beetle  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">6   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 5   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">30   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Pradaceous Diving Beetle  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Water Mite  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">4   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 3   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">12   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Maroon coloured beetle (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">28   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 27   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">756   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Beetle with black and yellow stripes on its back (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">total ||  || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">170 ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">5986 ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Riffle Beetle  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">6   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 5   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">30   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Pradaceous Diving Beetle  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Water Mite  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">4   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 3   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">12   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Maroon coloured beetle (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">28   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 27   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">756   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Beetle with black and yellow stripes on its back (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">total ||  || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">170 ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">5986 ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Maroon coloured beetle (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">28   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 27   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">756   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Beetle with black and yellow stripes on its back (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">total ||  || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">170 ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">5986 ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">Beetle with black and yellow stripes on its back (unidentified species)  ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";">2   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 1   ||   ||  <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif";"> 2   ||   ||
 * <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">total ||  || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">170 ||   ||   ||   || <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">5986 ||   ||


 * * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">N = Total Number of organisms


 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n = Number of individuals of each species ||

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16px;">D= 170(170-1)/( <span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;"> 5986) =4.7995

<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 14.66px;">This indicates high levels of pollution and low diversity.